Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Study Area: left, Farmland Parcels in Filtered ZTRAX Sample; right, Location of Districts
- Figure 2
Trends in Land Values and Water Transferred, 2000–2019: left, Mean Farmland Price (2001 prices) by District Membership; right, Water Transferred by Districts
- Figure 3
Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Substitution (GWS) in Study Area: left, Counties Requiring a GWS Permit; right, Counties Where GWS-Based Transfers Occurred in 2008–2019
- Figure 4
Linear Prediction of Model 4 with WTc(t–1): left, Outside Districts; right, Inside Districts
Tables
Variable All Parcels Outside Districts Inside Districts All Parcels Outside Districts Inside Districts All Parcels Outside Districts Inside Districts (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Water transferred from all districts in county in t − 1 (WTc(t–1)) 0.0110*** 0.0141 0.0143** (0.00306) (0.0130) (0.00584) Water transferred from all districts in county in t − 2 (WTc(t–2)) 0.00993 −0.0131 0.0183* (0.00592) (0.00787) (0.00840) Water transferred from all districts in county in t − 3 (WTc(t–3)) 0.00687 −0.0155 0.0191** (0.00619) (0.0171) (0.00671) Depth-to-groundwater in spring in t − 1 (feet below land surface) −0.00254* −0.00333** −0.00190 −0.00259* −0.00330** −0.00197 −0.00258* −0.00330** −0.00193 (0.00136) (0.00120) (0.00166) (0.00134) (0.00117) (0.00167) (0.00132) (0.00120) (0.00167) Coefficient of variation in spring depth-to-groundwater in previous 5 years 0.00630 0.00783 0.00242 0.00649 0.00786 0.00198 0.00664 0.00769 0.00214 (0.00530) (0.00618) (0.00264) (0.00536) (0.00610) (0.00210) (0.00539) (0.00614) (0.00275) County has a permit requirement for GWS-based transfer (GWSc = 1) −0.338*** −0.108* −0.167 −0.352*** −0.185** −0.173 −0.368*** −0.203** −0.190 (0.0733) (0.0588) (0.117) (0.0836) (0.0625) (0.120) (0.0796) (0.0845) (0.110) Constant 9.542*** 9.408*** 9.224*** 9.559*** 9.512*** 9.222*** 9.576*** 9.534*** 9.232*** (0.189) (0.142) (0.145) (0.201) (0.142) (0.153) (0.200) (0.161) (0.150) Parcel controls x x x x x x x x x Year x x x x x x x x x County x x x x x x x x x Observations 10,200 5,730 4,470 10,200 5,730 4,470 10,200 5,730 4,470 Adjusted R-squared 0.366 0.383 0.391 0.366 0.383 0.392 0.366 0.383 0.392 Note: Robust standard errors are in parentheses. Errors are clustered at the county. Parcel controls include elevation, slope, river frontage, distance to paved roads, travel time to major cities, distance to urbanized area (population > 50,000), distance to urban cluster (population > 2,500 and < 50,000), total population within 25 square miles, % building footprint between 500 m and 5,000 m, building square footage, and soil quality. GWS = groundwater substitution.
In Model with: Water Transferred (10,000 Acre-Ft.) Depth-to-Groundwater (Ft.) All Data Outside Districts Inside Districts All Data Outside Districts Inside Districts Water transferred from all districts in county in t − 1 (WTc(t–1)) 0.0110*** ($197) 0.0143** ($271) −0.00254* (−$45) −0.00333** (−$57) (0.00306) (0.00584) (0.00136) (0.00120) Water transferred from all districts in county in t − 2 (WTc(t–2)) 0.0183* ($346) −0.00259* (−$46) −0.00330** (−$56) (0.00840) (0.00134) (0.00117) Water transferred from all districts in county in t − 3 (WTc(t–3)) 0.0191** ($361) −0.00258* (−$46) −0.00330** (−$56) (0.00671) (0.00132) (0.00120) Water transferred from all districts in county in t − 4 (WTc(t–4)) −0.00257* (−$46) −0.00331** (−$57) (0.00133) (0.00121) Water transferred from all districts in county in t − 5 (WTc(t–5)) −0.00258* (−$46) −0.00332** (−$57) (0.00133) (0.00121) Variable Inside Districts (1) Inside Districts (2) Inside Districts (3) Water transferred from home district in year prior to parcel sale (WTd(t–1)) −0.0265 (0.0504) Year t − 1 = drought year (Dt–1 = 1) 0.510*** (0.127) (WTd(t–1) × Dt–1) 0.174* (0.0869) Water transferred from home district in 2 years prior to parcel sale (WTd(t–2)) −0.402** (0.155) Year t − 2 = drought year (Dt–2 = 1) 0.457*** (0.106) (WTd(t–2) × Dt–2) 0.385** (0.145) Water transferred from home district in 3 years prior to parcel sale (WTd(t–3)) −0.143 (0.103) Year t − 3 = drought year (Dt–3 = 1) 0.557*** (0.155) (WTd(t–3) × Dt–3) 0.169 Depth-to-groundwater in spring in t − 1 (feet below land surface) −0.00133 (0.00170) −0.00108 (0.00169) −0.00143 (0.00172) Coefficient of variation in spring depth-to-groundwater in previous 5 years −0.00142 (0.00356) −0.000978 (0.00432) −0.00126 (0.00390) Constant 9.932*** (0.544) 9.922*** (0.555) 9.924*** (0.543) Parcel controls x x x Year x x x District controls x x x Observations 4,459 4,459 4,459 Adjusted R-squared 0.410 0.413 0.410 Note: Robust standard errors are in parentheses. Errors are clustered at the county. Parcel controls include elevation, slope, river frontage, distance to paved roads, travel time to major cities, distance to urbanized area (population > 50,000), distance to urban cluster (population > 2,500 and < 50,000), total population within 25 square miles, % building footprint between 500 m and 5,000 m, building square footage, and soil quality.
