Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Example Choice Card for Willingness-to-Accept Tasks
Note: Respondents were presented with different policy supports to facilitate planting a native verge garden.
- Figure 2
Distribution of Postcards in Local Government Areas in Western Australia
- Figure 3
Predicted Probabilities of Native Garden Adoption for the Average Respondent
Note: Results are based on whether a respondent has a neighbor with a garden (Neighb) and whether they are concerned with their neighbors’ opinion of their verge (Conc).
Tables
Attribute Levels Extent of verge that must be converted Entire; at least half (base case) Entity responsible for preparing verge Household; landscaper (base case) Plant seedling discount offered 100%; 50%; none (base case) One-time compensation level $0; $500; $1,000; $1,500 Variable Description Actual Adoption (Mean) Adoption Intention (Mean) Adopt Has adopted a native verge garden 0.14 0.00 Social norms Concern Is concerned about neighborhood norms 0.40 0.42 Neighbor Has at least one neighbor with a native verge garden 0.57 0.55 Concern × Neighbor Is concerned about norms and has a neighbor with a native garden on their verge 0.23 0.23 Verge specifics Parking Uses their verge to park 0.49 0.51 Medium verge Has a medium-sized verge (relative to small) 0.61 0.62 Large verge Has a large-sized verge (relative to small) 0.28 0.27 Personal and house characteristics Woman Gender identity of respondent 0.58 0.58 Age < 50 Younger than 50 years 0.29 0.30 Age 50–59 50–59 years 0.27 0.26 Age 60–69 60–69 years 0.25 0.26 Age 70+ 70 years or older 0.19 0.18 University Has a university education 0.80 0.80 Environmental organization Is a member of an environmental organization 0.11 0.09 Hire gardener Hires for most gardening jobs 0.10 0.11 Years in home: < 5 Lived in home for < 5 years 0.22 0.22 Years in home: 5–20 Lived in home for 5–20 years 0.43 0.43 Years in home: 20+ Lived in home for 20+ years 0.35 0.35 Detached Live in detached (standalone) home 0.92 0.91 Local government area Bayswater Lives in Bayswater 0.18 0.17 Cambridge Lives in Cambridge 0.15 0.15 Melville Lives in Melville 0.20 0.21 Subiaco Lives in Subiaco 0.10 0.10 Stirling Lives in Stirling 0.09 0.09 Claremont Lives in Claremont 0.08 0.08 Nedlands Lives in Nedlands 0.10 0.09 Peppermint Grove Lives in Peppermint Grove 0.03 0.03 Cottesloe Lives in Cottesloe 0.05 0.06 East Fremantle Lives in East Fremantle 0.02 0.02 Note: n =734 for the actual adoption model; n = 634 for the adoption intention model.
Variable Estimate SE Constant −3.99*** 0.89 Social norms Concern (α1) −1.66*** 0.64 Neighbor (α2) 0.51* 0.30 Concern × Neighbor (α3) 1.38** 0.70 Verge specifics Parking −0.53** 0.21 Medium verge 0.00 0.39 Large verge 0.45 0.42 Personal and house characteristics Woman 0.33 0.24 Age 50–59 0.44 0.33 Age 60–69 −0.05 0.37 Age 70+ 0.86** 0.39 University −0.09 0.30 Environmental organization 1.15*** 0.31 Hire gardener −1.09** 0.56 Years in home 5–20 −0.09 0.31 Years in home 20+ −0.07 0.37 Detached 0.91 0.57 Local government area Bayswater 1.45*** 0.55 Cambridge 1.41** 0.57 Melville 0.58 0.58 Subiaco 1.18** 0.60 Stirling 0.50 0.68 Claremont 0.89 0.70 Nedlands 0.91 0.62 Note: n = 724. The adoption of a native garden is the dependent variable.
↵* p < 0.1; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01.
- Table 4
Results of the Adoption Intention (Stated Preference Choice Experiment) Mixed-Logit Model Estimated in Willingness-to-Accept Space
Mean SD Variable Estimate SE Estimate SE ASC −0.73*** 0.11 1.27*** 0.11 Choice attributes Entire −0.94*** 0.09 1.09*** 0.12 50% off seeds 0.59*** 0.12 0.70*** 0.14 Free seeds 0.86*** 0.13 0.72*** 0.15 You prepare −0.86*** 0.09 0.74*** 0.08 Rebate (’000s) 1.12*** 0.15 0.94*** 0.19 Social norms Concern (α1) −0.43*** 0.14 — — Neighbor (α2) 0.72*** 0.13 — — Concern × Neighbor (α3) 0.63*** 0.18 — — Covariance: choice attributes 50% off seeds × Free seeds 0.21 0.15 — — ASC × 50% off seeds −0.87*** 0.18 — — ASC × Free seeds −0.45** 0.22 — — ASC × Entire −0.47*** 0.15 — — ASC × You prepare 0.13 0.15 — — ASC × Rebate 0.19 0.16 — — Entire × 50% off seeds 0.15 0.13 — — Entire × Free seeds 0.54*** 0.17 — — Entire × You prepare 0.12 0.10 — — Entire × Rebate 0.01 0.15 — — 50% off seeds × You prepare −0.13 0.09 — — 50% off seeds × Rebate −0.13 0.12 — — Free seeds × You prepare −0.23*** 0.09 — — Free seeds × Rebate −0.32*** 0.12 — — You prepare × Rebate 0.63*** 0.17 — — Note: n = 634 (2,536 choices). Monetary values are in thousands of 2022 Australian dollars. ASC = alternative-specific constant.
↵* p < 0.1; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01.
Free alternate access to Land Economics supplementary materials is available at https://uwpress.wisc.edu/Journals/LE-Supplementary-Materials
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