Measuring the Technical Efficiency of Municipal Water Suppliers: The Role of Environmental Factors

References

1. 1. Anwandter Lars,
   2. Ozuna Teofilo

   . 2002. “Can Public Sector Reforms Improve the Efficiency of Public Water Utilities?” Environment and Development Economics 7 (4): 687–700.

   OpenUrlWeb of Science
2. 1. Byrnes Patricia,
   2. Grosskopf Shawna,
   3. Hayes Kathy

   . 1986. “Efficiency and Ownership: Further Evidence”. Review of Economics and Statistics 65 (2): 337–41.

   OpenUrl
3. 1. Charnes Abraham,
   2. Cooper William W.,
   3. Rhodes Edwardo

   . 1978. “Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units”. European Journal of Operational Research 2 (6): 429–44.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
4. 1. Coelli Tim,
   2. Prasada Rao D. S.,
   3. Battese George

   . 1999. An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
5. 1. Conti Maurizio

   . 2005. “Ownership Relative Efficiency in the Water Industry: A Survey of the International Empirical Evidence”. Economics Internazionale 58 (3): 273–306.

   OpenUrl
6. 1. De Witte Kristof,
   2. Marques Rui C.

   2008. “Capturing the Environment, a Metafrontier Approach to the Drinking Water Sector.” Discussion Paper No. 08-04, Center for Economic Studies, Catholic University of Louvain.
7. Environment Canada. 1999. “Municipal Water Use Database.” Downloaded from www.ec.gc.ca/water/en/manage/use/e_data.htm (accessed Jun 20, 2003).
8. Environment Canada. 2004. “Climate Data Online.” Available at www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climateData/canada_e.html (accessed June 2004).
9. 1. Fried Harold O.,
   2. Schmidt Shelton S.,
   3. Yaisawarng Suthathip

   . 1999. “Incorporating the Operating Environment into a Nonparametric Measure of Technical Efficiency”. Journal of Productivity Analysis 12 (3): 249–67.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
10. Geomatics Canada. 2001. National Topographic Data Base Ottawa. Ontario: Natural Resources Canada.
11. Government of Ontario. 2001. Municipal Performance Measurement Program. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing.
12. 1. Lambert David,
    2. Dichev Dimo,
    3. Raffiee Kambiz

    . 1993. “Ownership and Sources of Inefficiency in Provision of Water Services”. Water Resources Research 29 (6): 1573–78.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
13. 1. Madhoo Yeti

    . 2007. “International Trends in Water Utility Regimes”. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 78 (1): 87–135.

    OpenUrl
14. Ontario Water Works Association. 1997. “Municipal Water Rates and Operations Benchmarking.” 1996 data. Markham, Ontario: OWWA.
15. 1. Renzetti Steven

    . 1999. “Municipal Water Supply and Sewage Treatment: Costs, Prices and Distortions”. Canadian Journal of Economics 32 (2): 688–704.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
16. 1. Renzetti Steven

    . 2007. “Are the Prices Right? Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Sustainability in Water Pricing.” In Eau Canada: The Future of Canada’s Water, ed. Bakker Karen, 263–79. Vancouver: UBC Press.
17. 1. Renzetti Steven,
    2. Dupont Diane P.

    2003. “Ownership and Performance of Water Utilities”. Greener Management International 42 (1): 9–19.

    OpenUrl
18. 1. Shih Jhih-Shyang,
    2. Harrington Winston,
    3. Pizer William,
    4. Gillingham Kenneth

    . 2004. “Economies of Scale and Technical Efficiency in Community Water Systems.” Discussion Paper No. 04–15. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
19. 1. Shirley Mary

    ed. 2002. Thirsting for Efficiency: The Economics and Politics of Urban Water System Reform. Oxford: Elsevier Publishing.
20. 1. Simar Léopold,
    2. Wilson Paul

    . 2007. “Estimation and Inference in Two-Stage, Semi-Parametric Models of Production Processes”. Journal of Econometrics 136 (1): 31–64.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
21. Statistics Canada. 1998. The Nation: 1996 Census of Population. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
22. 1. Thanassoulis Emmanuel

    . 2001. Introduction to the Theory and Application of Data Envelopment Analysis. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
23. Water Strategy Expert Panel. 2005. Watertight: The Case for Change in Ontario’s Water and Wastewater Sector. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Public Infrastructure Renewal. Available at www.waterpanel.ontario.ca/.