Sizing Reserves within a Landscape: The Roles of Villagers’ Reactions and the Ecological-Socioeconomic Setting

References

1. 1. Albers Heidi J.

   2010. “Spatial Modeling of Extraction and Enforcement in Developing Country Protected Areas.” Resource and Energy Economics 32 (2) 165–79.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
2. 1. Albers Heidi J.,
   2. Grinspoon Elisabeth

   . 1997. “A Comparison of the Enforcement of Access Restrictions between Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve (China) and Khao Yai National Park (Thailand)”. Environmental Conservation 24 (4): 351–62.

   OpenUrl
3. 1. Allendorf Teri,
   2. Swe Khaing K.,
   3. Oo Thida,
   4. Htut Ye,
   5. Aung Myint,
   6. Aung Myint,
   7. Allendorf Keera,
   8. Hayek Lee-Ann,
   9. Leimgruber Peter,
   10. Wemmer Chris

   . 2006. “Community Attitudes toward Three Protected Areas in Upper Myanmar (Burma).” Environmental Conservation 33 (4): 344–52.

   OpenUrl
4. 1. Amacher Gregory S.,
   2. Hyde William F.,
   3. Kanel Keshav R.

   1996. “Forest Policy When Some Households Collect and Others Purchase Fuelwood.” Journal of Forest Economics 2 (3): 273–88.

   OpenUrl
5. 1. Andam Kwaw S.,
   2. Ferraro Paul J.,
   3. Pfaff Alexander,
   4. Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa G.,
   5. Robalino Juan A.

   2008. “Measuring the Effectiveness of Protected Area Networks in Reducing Deforestation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (42): 16089–94.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
6. 1. Ando Amy,
   2. Camm Jeffrey,
   3. Polasky Stephen,
   4. Solow Andrew

   . 1998. “Species Distributions, Land Values, and Efficient Conservation.” Science 279 (5359): 2126–28.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
7. 1. Armsworth Paul,
   2. Daily Gretchen C.,
   3. Kareiva Peter,
   4. Sanchirico James N.

   2006. “Land Market Feedbacks Can Undermine Biodiversity Conservation.” Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences of the United States of America 103 (14): 5403–8.

   OpenUrl
8. 1. Balint Peter J.

   2006. “Improving Community-Based Conservation Near Protected Areas: The Importance of Development Variables.” Environmental Management 38 (1): 137–48.

   OpenUrlPubMed
9. 1. Bluffstone Randall A.

   1995. “The Effect of Labor Market Performance on Deforestation in Developing Countries under Open Access: An Example from Nepal.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 29 (1): 42–63.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
10. 1. Bruner Aaron G.,
    2. Gullison Raymond E.,
    3. Rice Richard E.,
    4. da Fonseca Gustavo A. B.

    2001. “Effectiveness of Parks in Protecting Tropical Biodiversity.” Science 291 (5501): 125–28.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
11. 1. Burgess Neil,
    2. Rodgers Alan

    . 2004. Protected Area Categories: Why They Matter for the Eastern Arc and Coastal Forests in Tanzania. Briefing Note, Project Report No. 05, Conservation and Management of the Eastern Arc Mountain Forests Project (CMEAMF), September. Available at http://easternarc.or.tz/downloads/eastern-arc/Protected%20Area%20Categories%20v2_Sept04.doc (accessed June 1, 2009; verified June 12, 2009).
12. 1. Cavendish William

    . 2000. “Empirical Regularities in the Poverty-Environment Relationship of Rural Households: Evidence from Zimbabwe.” World Development 28 (11): 1979–2003.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
13. 1. Diamond Jared M.

    1975. “The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves.” Biological Conservation 7 (2): 129–46.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
14. 1. Durban Accord

    . 2005. Our Global Commitment for People and Earth’s Protected Areas. Available at http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/durbanaccorden.pdf (accessed February 2, 2010).
15. 1. Faith D. P.,
    2. Walker P. A.,
    3. Ive J.,
    4. Belbin L.

    1996. “Integrating Conservation and Forestry Production: Exploring Tradeoffs between Biodiversity and Production in Regional Land-Use Assessment.” Forest Ecology and Management 85 (1–3): 251–60.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
16. 1. FBD (Forest and Bee Keeping Division), Extension and Publicity Unit, Tanzania

    . 2006. Participatory Forest Management in Tanzania: Facts and Figures. Produced by the Forest and Bee Keeping Division Extension and Publicity Unit. Dar-es-Salaam: Government of Tanzania, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism. Available at http://easternarc.or.tz/downloads/Thematicstrategies/Leaflet%20on%20pfm%20status%20July%202006.pdf (accessed March 2009).
17. 1. Ferraro Paul J.

    2002. “The Local Costs of Establishing Protected Areas in Low-Income Nations: Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.” Ecological Economics 43 (2–3): 261–75.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
18. 1. Ferraro Paul J.,
    2. Kramer Randall A

    . 1997. “Compensation and Economic Incentives: Reducing Pressures on Protected Areas.” In Last Stand: Protected Areas and the Defense of Tropical Biodiversity, ed. Kramer Randall, van Schaik Carel, Johnson Julie. 187–211. New York: Oxford University Press.
19. 1. Fu Bojie,
    2. Wang Kelin,
    3. Lu Yihe,
    4. Liu Shiliang,
    5. Ma Keming,
    6. Chen Liding,
    7. Liu Guohua

    . 2004. “Entangling the Complexity of Protected Area Management: The Case of Wolong Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern China.” Environmental Management 33 (6): 788–98.

    OpenUrlPubMed
20. 1. Ghate Rucha,
    2. Mehra Deepshikha,
    3. Nagendra Harini

    . 2009. “Local Institutions as Mediators of the Impact of Markets on Non-Timber Forest Product Extraction in Central India.” Biological Conservation 36 (1): 51–61

    OpenUrl
21. 1. Gosalamang D.,
    2. Pal V.,
    3. Gombya-Ssembajjwe W.

    2004. “Impact of Change of Legal Status of Mount Elgon Forest Reserve on Household Livelihoods.” In Institutions, Incentives, and Conflicts in Forest Management: A Perspective, Proceedings of the IFRI East African Regional Conference, Moshi Tanzania, January 12–13, 2004, ed. Shemwetta D. T. K., Luoga E. J., Kajembe G. C., Madoffe S. S. Morogoro, Tanzania: Sokoine University of Agriculture.
22. 1. Hallwood Paul

    . 2005. “Protected Areas, Optimal Policing and Optimal Rent Dissipation.” Marine Resource Economics 19 (4): 481–93.

    OpenUrl
23. 1. Halpern Benjamin S.,
    2. Gaines Steven D.,
    3. Warner Robert R.

    2004. “Confounding Effects of the Export of Production and the Displacement of Fishing Effort from Marine Reserves.” Ecological Applications 14 (4): 1248–56.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
24. 1. IUCN

    . 2008. “Protected Areas (Agenda item 4.7). Ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP9), Bonn, Germany, 19–30 May 2008.” Position paper. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Available at http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/pas_cop9.pdf (accessed February 2010).
25. 1. Kajembe G. K.,
    2. Nduwamungu J.,
    3. Luoga E. J.

    2005. “The Impact of Community-Based Forest Management and Joint Forest Management on the Forest Resource Base and Local People’s Livelihoods: Case Studies from Tanzania.” CASS/PLASS Commons Southern Africa Occasional Paper Series, No.8. Harare, Zimbabwe, and Cape Town, South Africa: Centre for Applied Social Sciences (CASS) and Program for Land and Agrarian Studies (PLASS). Available at www.plaas.org.za/publications/downloads/CBNRM08.pdf/ (accessed March 2009).
26. 1. Key Nigel,
    2. Sadoulet Elisabeth,
    3. de Janvry Alain

    . 2000. “Transactions Costs and Agricultural Supply Response.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 82 (2): 245–59.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
27. 1. Kohlin Gunnar,
    2. Parks Peter J.

    2001. “Spatial Variability and Disincentives to Harvest: Deforestation and Fuelwood Collection in South Asia.” Land Economics 77 (2): 206–18.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
28. 1. Lanjouw Peter,
    2. Quizon Jaime,
    3. Sparrow Robert

    . 2001. “Non-Agricultural Earnings in Peri-Urban Areas of Tanzania: Evidence from Household Survey Data.” Food Policy 26 (4): 385–403.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. 1. Lewis Jerome

    . 2002. “Scarcity and Abundance. Contrasting Conceptions of the Forest in Northern Congo-Brazzaville, and Issues for Conservation.” Presented at the Ninth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies, Edinburgh Conference Centre, Heriot-Watt University, September 9–13.
30. 1. Locke Harvey,
    2. Dearden Philip

    . 2005. “Rethinking Protected Area Categories and the New Paradigm.” Environmental Conservation 32 (1): 1–10.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
31. 1. Lokina Razack B.,
    2. Robinson Elizabeth J. Z.

    2008. “Determinants of the Effectiveness of Participatory Forest Management in Tanzania.” Presented at the EAERE Annual Conference, Gothenberg, Sweden, June.
32. 1. Martino Diego

    . 2005. “Unleashing the Wild: Response to Locke and Dearden’s ‘Rethinking Protected Area Categories.’” Environmental Conservation 32 (3): 195–96.

    OpenUrl
33. 1. Milne Sarah,
    2. Niesten Eduard

    . 2009. “Direct Payments for Biodiversity Conservation in Developing Countries: Practical Insights for Design and Implementation.” Oryx 43: 530–41.

    OpenUrl
34. 1. MNRT (Tanzania Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism)

    . 1998. National Forest and Beekeeping Policies (March). Dar es Salaam: MNRT.
35. 1. MNRT (Tanzania Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism)

    . 2002a. Beekeeping Act No. 15 of 2002. Available at www.parliament.go.tz/Polis/PAMS/Docs/15-2002.pdf.
36. 1. MNRT (Tanzania Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism)

    . 2002b. Forest Act No. 14 of 2002. Available at www.parliament.go.tz/Polis/PAMS/Docs/14-2002.pdf.
37. 1. Muller Jeffrey,
    2. Albers Heidi J.

    2004. “Enforcement, Payments, and Development Projects near Protected Areas: How the Market Setting Determines What Works Where.” Resource and Energy Economics 26 (2): 185–204.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
38. 1. Murdiyarso Daniel,
    2. Margaret Skutsch,
    3. Manuel Guariguata,
    4. Markku Kanninen,
    5. Cecilia Luttrell,
    6. Pita Verweij,
    7. Stella Osvaldo

    . 2008. Measuring and Monitoring Forest Degradation for REDD: Implications of Country Circumstances. CIFOR Infobrief No. 16, November. Available at www.cifor.-cgiar.org/Knowledge/Publications/Detail?pid=2596.
39. 1. Naidoo Robin,
    2. Adamowicz Wiktor L.

    2006. “Modeling Opportunity Costs of Conservation in Transitional Landscapes.” Conservation Biology 20 (2): 490–500.

    OpenUrlPubMed
40. 1. Naidoo Robin,
    2. Balmford Andrew,
    3. Ferraro Paul J.,
    4. Polasky Stephen,
    5. Ricketts Taylor H.,
    6. Rouget Mathieu

    . 2006. “Integrating Economic Costs into Conservation Planning.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21 (12): 682–87.

    OpenUrl
41. 1. Olupot William,
    2. Barigyira Robert,
    3. McNeilage Alastair J.

    2009. “Edge-Related Variation in Medicinal and Other ‘Useful’ Wild Plants of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda.” Conservation Biology 23 (5): 1138–45.

    OpenUrlPubMed
42. 1. Omamo Steven W.

    1998. “Transport Costs and Smallholder Cropping Choices: An Application to Siaya District, Kenya.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80 (1): 116–23.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
43. 1. Ongugo Paul O.,
    2. Njuguna Jane W.,
    3. Riako N. N.

    2004. “The Use of Medicinal Plants from Natural Forests in Kenya: Perspectives on Policy and Effects on Forest Condition.” In Institutions, Incentives, and Conflicts in Forest Management: A Perspective, Proceedings of the IFRI East African Regional Conference, Moshi Tanzania, January 12–13, 2004, ed. Shemwetta D. T. K., Luoga E. J., Kajembe G. C., Madoffe S. S. Morogoro, Tanzania: Sokoine University of Agriculture.
44. 1. Pattanayak Subhrendu K.,
    2. Sills Erin O.,
    3. Kramer Randall A.

    2004. “Seeing the Forest for the Fuel.” Environment and Development Economics 9 (2): 155–79.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
45. 1. Persha Lauren,
    2. Blomley Tom

    . 2009. “Management Decentralization and Montane Forest Conditions in Tanzania.” Conservation Biology 23 (6): 1485–96.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
46. 1. Pfaff Alexander,
    2. Robalino J.,
    3. Sanchez A.,
    4. Andam K.,
    5. Ferraro P.

    2009. “Location Affects Protection and the Generation of REDD: Observable Characteristics Drive Park Impacts in Costa Rica.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, 252023.

    OpenUrl
47. 1. Pfaff Alexander,
    2. Robalino Juan,
    3. Walker Robert T.,
    4. Aldrich Steven,
    5. Caldas Marcellus,
    6. Reis Eustaquio J.,
    7. Perz Stephen,
    8. Laurance William,
    9. Kirby Kathryn

    . 2007. “Road Investments, Spatial Spillovers, and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.” Journal of Regional Science 47 (1): 109–23.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
48. 1. Rao K. S.,
    2. Nautiyal S.,
    3. Maikhuri R. K.,
    4. Saxena K. G.

    2003. “Local People’s Knowledge, Aptitude and Perceptions of Planning and Management Issues in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, India.” Environmental Management 31 (2): 168–81.

    OpenUrlPubMed
49. 1. Robinson Elizabeth J. Z.,
    2. Albers Heidi J.

    2006. “Parks, Buffer Zones, and Costly Enforcement.” Working Paper Series 2006-15. Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford. Available at www.csae.ox.ac.uk/workingpapers/pdfs/2006-15text.pdf.
50. 1. Robinson Elizabeth J. Z.,
    2. Albers Heidi J.,
    3. Williams Jeffrey C.

    2008. “Spatial and Temporal Modelling of Community Non-Timber Forest Extraction.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 56 (3): 234–45.

    OpenUrl
51. 1. Robinson Elizabeth J. Z.,
    2. Lokina Razack B.

    2011. “A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of the Impact of Access Restrictions on Forest Landscapes and Household Welfare in Tanzania.” Forest Policy and Economics 13 (1): 79–85.

    OpenUrl
52. 1. Robinson Elizabeth J. Z.,
    2. Mahapatra Ajay K.,
    3. Albers Heidi J.

    2010. “Protecting Poor Countries’ Forests: Enforcement in Theory and Practice.” Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 2 (1): 25–38.

    OpenUrl
53. 1. Robinson Elizabeth J. Z.,
    2. Williams Jeffrey C.,
    3. Albers Heidi J.

    2002. “The Influence of Markets and Policy on Spatial Patterns of Non-Timber Forest Product Extraction.” Land Economics 78 (2): 260–71.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
54. 1. Shrestha Ram K.,
    2. Alavalapati Janaki R. R.

    2006. “Linking Conservation and Development: An Analysis of Local People’s Attitude towards Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal.” Environment, Development, and Sustainability 8 (1): 69–84.

    OpenUrl
55. 1. Smith James L. David,
    2. Ahern Sean C.,
    3. McDougal Charles

    . 1998. “Landscape Analysis of Tiger Distribution and Habitat Quality in Nepal.” Conservation Biology 12 (6): 1338–46.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
56. 1. Spiteri Arian,
    2. Nepal Sanjay K.

    2008. “Evaluating Local Benefits from Conservation in Nepal’s Annapurna Conservation Area.” Environmental Management 42 (3): 391–401.

    OpenUrlPubMed
57. 1. White Andy,
    2. Martin Alejandra

    . 2002. Who Owns the World’s Forests? Forest Tenure and Public Forests in Transition. Washington, DC: Forest Trends.
58. 1. World Wildlife Fund

    . 2002. “The Landscape Approach.” Position paper, February. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund. Available at http://assets.panda.org/downloads/po11landscapeapproach.pdf.
59. 1. Wu JunJie,
    2. Boggess William G.

    1999. “The Optimal Allocation of Conservation Funds.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 38 (3): 302–21.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science