Valuation of Noise Pollution and Abatement Policy: Evidence from the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport

Felix L. Friedt and Jeffrey P. Cohen

Article Figures & Data

  • Table 3

    Robustness—Noise Interpolation Options

    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)
    ΔNi,t+τ−0.014**
    (0.006)
    −0.016**
    (0.006)
    −0.019***
    (0.007)
    −0.019***
    (0.007)
    −0.015***
    (0.006)
    −0.013**
    (0.006)
    −0.010**
    (0.005)
    −0.010**
    (0.005)
    −0.014***
    (0.005)
    −0.011
    (0.008)
    −0.018**
    (0.008)
    −0.039**
    (0.020)
    −0.22***
    (0.008)
    Embedded Image0.023
    (0.016)
    0.023
    (0.016)
    0.022
    (0.016)
    0.022
    (0.016)
    0.022
    (0.016)
    0.022
    (0.016)
    0.021
    (0.016)
    0.021
    (0.016)
    0.021
    (0.016)
    0.021
    (0.016)
    0.023
    (0.015)
    0.000
    (.)
    0.013*
    (0.007)
    Embedded Image0.055***
    (0.013)
    0.052***
    (0.013)
    0.050***
    (0.013)
    0.046***
    (0.013)
    0.047***
    (0.013)
    0.047***
    (0.013)
    0.046***
    (0.012)
    0.043***
    (0.013)
    0.040***
    (0.013)
    0.042***
    (0.014)
    0.046***
    (0.013)
    0.070**
    (0.030)
    0.024***
    (0.009)
    Embedded Image0.017***
    (0.006)
    0.019***
    (0.007)
    0.021***
    (0.007)
    0.022***
    (0.007)
    0.017***
    (0.007)
    0.015**
    (0.007)
    0.011**
    (0.005)
    0.011**
    (0.005)
    0.015***
    (0.005)
    0.011
    (0.008)
    0.020**
    (0.008)
    0.029
    (0.020)

    Embedded Image0.028***
    (0.007)
    0.028***
    (0.007)
    0.028***
    (0.006)
    0.025***
    (0.006)
    0.021***
    (0.006)
    0.020***
    (0.006)
    0.015**
    (0.006)
    0.012*
    (0.007)
    0.011
    (0.007)
    0.010
    (0.014)
    0.023**
    (0.009)
    0.064***
    (0.024)
    0.035**
    (0.016)
    Observations4647746477464774647746477464774647746477464774647746477273814027
    Adjusted R-squared0.6820.6820.6820.6820.6820.6810.6810.6810.6810.6810.6820.3630.439
    Noise interpolationCutoffCutoffCutoffCutoffCutoffCutoffCutoffCutoffCutoffCutoffLinearRestrict.Out-of-
    1996199719981999200020012002200320042005Interpol.SampleSample
    • Note: Standard errors, reported in the parentheses, are clustered at the block-group level. This table presents the sensitivity analysis against the varying noise interpolation options. Option 1 requires an arbitrarily chosen cutoff year. The results presented in columns (1)-(10) are based on varying cutoff years ranging from 1996 through 2005. Results provided in column (11) are based on interpolation option 2, which assumes a linear interpolation from 1990 to 2006. Coefficient estimates in accordance with interpolation option 3. are presented in column (12) and based on the restricted repeat sales sample from 2006 through 2014, for which annual noise data is continuously available. Coefficient estimates in accordance with interpolation option 4 are presented in column (13) and based on the out-of-sample interpolation of noise based on annual airport operations from 2001 through 2014. Point estimates presented in column (4) repeat the primary estimates presented in column (8) of Table 1.

    • * p < 0.1;

    • ** p < 0.05;

    • *** p < 0.01.

  • Table 1

    Noise Effect across Varying Abatement Samples

    Dependent VariableNaïve Specification1992 Abatement2008 Abatement1992 & 2008 Abatement
    Δln(Pi,t+τ)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
    ΔNi,t+τ (Δ dB DNL)−0.003
    (0.003)
    −0.003
    (0.003)
    −0.018***
    (0.006)
    −0.016***
    (0.005)
    −0.019***
    (0.006)
    −0.019***
    (0.007)
    −0.019***
    (0.006)
    −0.019***
    (0.007)
    Embedded Image(eligible homes, 1992)0.021
    (0.014)
    0.030*
    (0.016)
    0.020
    (0.014)
    0.022
    (0.016)
    Embedded Image(eligible homes, 2008)0.059***
    (0.014)
    0.048***
    (0.013)
    0.058***
    (0.014)
    0.046***
    (0.013)
    Embedded Image0.023**
    (0.009)
    0.021***
    (0.008)
    0.021***
    (0.007)
    0.022***
    (0.007)
    Embedded Image0.026***
    (0.006)
    0.025***
    (0.006)
    0.026***
    (0.006)
    0.025***
    (0.006)
    % Δ African American−0.536***
    (0.087)
    −0.173**
    (0.079)
    −0.541***
    (0.089)
    −0.531***
    (0.087)
    % Δ Hispanic0.188*
    (0.101)
    0.872***
    (0.127)
    0.210**
    (0.104)
    0.203**
    (0.101)
    % Δ Asian or Pacific Islander−0.207
    (0.171)
    0.421**
    (0.184)
    −0.269
    (0.173)
    −0.204
    (0.172)
    % Δ American Indian−1.006***
    (0.229)
    −0.426
    (0.299)
    −0.970***
    (0.230)
    −0.991***
    (0.229)
    % Δ Other race0.367
    (0.334)
    −0.459
    (0.436)
    0.291
    (0.353)
    0.367
    (0.336)
    % Δ Under 200.546***
    (0.138)
    −0.668***
    (0.157)
    0.579***
    (0.140)
    0.539***
    (0.138)
    % Δ Over 650.562***
    (0.112)
    0.254**
    (0.111)
    0.516***
    (0.112)
    0.545***
    (0.112)
    % Δ Ln(Median income)0.109***
    (0.027)
    0.071***
    (0.026)
    0.108***
    (0.027)
    0.111***
    (0.026)
    Observations4647746477342733427343034430344647746477
    Adjusted R-squared0.6770.6810.7050.7090.6720.6760.6780.682
    • Note: All regressions include time-of-sale fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the block-group level. The results presented in columns (1) and (2) give the naive specification treating all homes identically, whereas the results given in columns (3) through (8) differentiate between abatement eligible and ineligible homes. Columns (3) and (4) consider the noise effect under the first abatement program prior to 2007, and columns (5) and (6) isolate the effect under the second abatement program. Lastly, the results given in columns (7) and (8) illustrate the full sample noise effects simultaneously differentiating across abatement ineligible and eligible homes under both policy regimes.

    • * p < 0.1;

    • ** p < 0.05;

    • *** p < 0.01.

  • Table 2

    Lagged Noise Effect across Varying Abatement Samples

    Dependent VariableNaïve Specification1992 Abatement2008 Abatement1992 and 2008 Abatement
    Δln(Pi,t+τ)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
    (Ni,t+τNi,t+τ−1)(ΔdB DNL)0.002
    (0.003)
    0.003
    (0.003)
    −0.025***
    (0.006)
    −0.022***
    (0.007)
    −0.022***
    (0.007)
    −0.021***
    (0.007)
    −0.022***
    (0.007)
    −0.021***
    (0.007)
    (Ni,t+τ−1Ni,t+τ−2)(ΔdB DNL)0.002
    (0.004)
    0.002
    (0.004)
    −0.020***
    (0.006)
    −0.018***
    (0.006)
    −0.020***
    (0.006)
    −0.020***
    (0.007)
    −0.020***
    (0.006)
    −0.020***
    (0.007)
    (Ni,t+τ−2Ni,t+τ−3)(ΔdB DNL)−0.002
    (0.004)
    −0.002
    (0.004)
    −0.023**
    (0.011)
    −0.022**
    (0.010)
    −0.024**
    (0.011)
    −0.024**
    (0.011)
    −0.023**
    (0.011)
    −0.024**
    (0.011)
    (Ni,t+τ−3Ni,t)(ΔdB DNL)−0.007*
    (0.004)
    −0.007*
    (0.004)
    −0.012*
    (0.006)
    −0.010*
    (0.006)
    −0.016**
    (0.007)
    −0.016**
    (0.007)
    −0.016**
    (0.007)
    −0.016**
    (0.007)
    Embedded Image0.033***
    (0.012)
    0.030***
    (0.011)
    0.032***
    (0.008)
    0.031***
    (0.008)
    Embedded Image0.024**
    (0.011)
    0.023**
    (0.010)
    0.028***
    (0.008)
    0.029***
    (0.008)
    Embedded Image0.031**
    (0.014)
    0.030**
    (0.013)
    0.028**
    (0.012)
    0.028**
    (0.012)
    Embedded Image0.015*
    (0.008)
    0.014*
    (0.007)
    0.012
    (0.008)
    0.012
    (0.008)
    Embedded Image0.051***
    (0.014)
    0.049***
    (0.014)
    0.050***
    (0.013)
    0.048***
    (0.014)
    Embedded Image0.041***
    (0.010)
    0.039***
    (0.011)
    0.040***
    (0.010)
    0.038***
    (0.010)
    Embedded Image0.042***
    (0.013)
    0.041***
    (0.012)
    0.042***
    (0.012)
    0.041***
    (0.012)
    Embedded Image0.014*
    (0.008)
    0.014*
    (0.008)
    0.015*
    (0.008)
    0.015*
    (0.008)
    Observations4647746477342733427343034430344647746477
    Adjusted R-squared0.6770.6810.7050.7090.6720.6760.6780.682
    • Note: All regressions include time-of-sale fixed effects. Regressions reported in even columns include socio-economic control variables.Standard errors are clustered at the block-group level. Columns (1) and (2) give the naive specification treating all homes identically, whereas columns (3) through (8) differentiate between abatement eligible and ineligible homes. Columns (3) and (4) consider the first abatement program prior to 2007, whereas columns (5) and (6) isolate the second abatement program. Columns (7) and (8) illustrate the full sample noise effects simultaneously differentiating across abatement ineligible and eligible homes under both policy regimes.

    • * p < 0.1;

    • ** p < 0.05;

    • *** p < 0.01.