Open Access

Measuring Motivations for Choosing Ecolabeled Seafood: Environmental Concerns and Warm Glow

Julia Bronnmann, Max Thilo Stoeven, Martin Quaas and Frank Asche

Article Figures & Data

  • Table 1

    Attributes and Attribute Level

    AttributeExperiment 1Experiments 2 and 3
    Attribute LevelAttribute Level
    Price€1.92/250 g€1.92/250 g
    €3.36/250 g€3.36/250 g
    €4.40/250 g€4.40/250 g
    €8.03/250 g€8.03/250 g
    MSC labelYesYes
    NoNo
    Catch areaMarine fisheries worldwide
    European marine fisheries
    North Sea or Baltic Sea
    Stock statusHeavily overfished
    Slightly overfished
    Not overfished
    Bycatch of birds or marine mammalsLow
    High
  • Table 2

    Exemplary Choice Card of Treatment 3

    Product 1Product 2
    Price in € per 250 g8.033.36
    Catch areaFisheries worldwideNorth Sea or Baltic SeaNeither of these products
    Stock statusHeavily overfishedNot overfished
    BycatchHighLow
    MSC labelYesNo
    I choose:000
  • Table 3

    Descriptive Statistics for the Participants

    VariableDescriptionT 1T 2T 3Microcensus
    AgeMedian age50494950
    MalePercentage share of male participants50505265
    HH sizeAverage number of people living in the household2.302.402.302.30
    KidsAverage number of kids living in the household0.300.400.400.40
    Monthly net incomeaMedian monthly net income (€)2,2502,2502,7503,064
    MarriedPercentage share of married participants48504858
    Full-time jobPercentage share of participants employed full-time52545764
    Participants43851150511,570
    • a The income is defined as income per participant in the survey, and in the microcensus it is the household income.

  • Table 4

    Estimation Results of the Panel MMNL, Model 1

    CoefficientStd. Err.Marginal Effect MeanME MaxME Min
    Mean
    Constant3.031***0.35
    Price−0.929***0.03−0.106−0.219−0.021
    Age−0.009**0.04−0.001−0.002−0.001
    Male0.667***0.110.0690.0010.164
    HH size0.1170.070.0120.0010.029
    Kids−0.460***0.16−0.045−0.114−0.001
    Low income−0.3080.202−0.031−0.077−0.001
    High income−0.421***0.123−0.041−0.105−0.001
    Employed−0.1800.112−0.018−0.045−0.001
    Single−0.2070.135−0.020−0.051−0.001
    MSC label2.342***0.150.2520.0190.471
    SD Standard Deviation
    MSC label2.041***0.13
    Aike Information Criterium4,494.10
    Log-likelihood−2,235.05
    Observations7,866
    Participants437
    • * p < 0.05;

    • ** p < 0.01;

    • *** p < 0.001.

  • Table 5

    Estimation Results of the Panel MMNL, Model 2

    CoefficientStd. Err.Marginal Effect MeanME MinME Max
    Mean
    Constant3.689***0.24
    Price−0.326***0.01−0.039−0.078−0.008
    Age−0.026***0.01−0.003−0.006−0.001
    Male0.305***0.060.0330.0010.071
    HH size−0.0130.45−0.001−0.003−0.001
    Kids0.0630.100.0070.0010.015
    Low income−0.443***0.13−0.046−0.105−0.001
    High income−0.185***0.07−0.019−0.044−0.001
    Employed−0.286***0.08−0.030−0.069−0.001
    Single−0.210**0.08−0.022−0.051−0.001
    Fisheries worldwide−0.0710.05−0.007−0.0340.010
    Fisheries EU−0.0330.05−0.003−0.0250.013
    Heavily overfished−2.950***0.11−0.241−0.537−0.001
    Slightly overfished−0.805***0.07−0.066−0.2100.026
    Bycatch−2.009***0.09−0.154−0.4360.046
    MSC label1.026***0.080.094−0.0490.285
    Standard Deviation
    Fisheries worldwide0.507***0.08
    Fisheries EU0.423***0.08
    Heavily overfished2.028***0.09
    Slightly overfished1.673***0.08
    Bycatch2.717***0.11
    MSC label2.057***0.09
    Aike information criteria18,124.45
    Log-likelihood−9,040.23
    N36,792
    Participants511
    • * p < 0.05;

    • ** p < 0.01;

    • *** p < 0.001.

  • Table 6

    Estimation Results of the Panel MMNL, Model 3

    CoefficientStd. Err.Marginal Effect MeanME MinME Max
    Mean
    Constant3.285***0.259
    Price−0.354***0.01−0.048−0.083−0.013
    Age−0.007**0.003−0.001−0.002−0.001
    Male0.375***0.0730.0480.0020.090
    HH size0.0210.0530.0030.0010.005
    Kids−0.234**0.109−0.029−0.056−0.001
    Low income−0.315*0.171−0.039−0.076−0.001
    High income0.7510.0840.0090.0010.018
    Employed−0.0450.087−0.006−0.011−0.001
    Single−0.283***0.087−0.035−0.068−0.001
    Fisheries worldwide−0.201***0.05−0.024−0.0590.005
    Fisheries EU−0.172***0.04−0.021−0.042−0.001
    Heavily overfished−3.240***0.12−0.280−0.561−0.001
    Slightly overfished−0.832***0.05−0.081−0.2070.011
    Bycatch−1.906***0.10−0.171−0.4220.016
    MSC label0.345***0.040.034−0.0040.102
    SD Standard Deviation
    Fisheries worldwide0.513***0.06
    Fisheries EU0.0280.07
    Heavily overfished2.304***0.10
    Slightly overfished0.705***0.06
    Bycatch2.053***0.07
    MSC label0.574***0.06
    Log-likelihood−9,366.29
    Aike information criteria18,776.57
    Observations36,360
    Participants505