Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Predicted Probability of Contract Enrollment by a Representative Eastern Corn Belt Farmer, by Payment Offer and Unweighted and Weighted Estimates
- Figure 2
Corn and Soybean Acres Supplied for Prairie Strips by Payment Offer, by State and in Aggregate for Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio (Unweighted)
- Figure 3
Projected Annual Payment Costs of a Prairie Strip Incentive Program at Uniform and Targeted Payments (Unweighted), by Acreage Supplied and Four Eastern Corn Belt States
Tables
Treatment (% of State-Wide Avg. CRP Rate, Sept. 2017) Illinois (No. of Obs.) Indiana (No. of Obs.) Michigan (No. of Obs.) Ohio (No. of Obs.) Three-State Average of IL, IN, OH (No. of Obs.) 50 90
(30)84
(22)64
(25)80
(20)87
(22)100 180
(33)167
(22)127
(21)161
(32)175
(19)200 360
(33)334
(16)254
(18)322
(31)350
(23)300 540
(29)501
(28)381
(13)483
(30)525
(20)Total observations (125) (88) (77) (113) (84) Note: N = 487.
- Table 2
Factor Loadings from Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Six Latent Perception Variables
Perceived Outcome Value Statement Factor Loading Environmental Perceived soil retention Soil erosion 1.00 Nutrient runoff 1.12 Perceived weed and pest pressure Weed populations 1.00 Insect populations 0.75 Perceived biodiversity benefit Populations of natural enemies of pests 1.00 Pollinator populations 1.66 Wildflower populations 1.42 Agricultural productivity Perceived yields Crop yields per cropped acre 1.00 Crop yields for entire field 1.64 Perceived pest management costs Weed control costs per cropped acre 1.00 Pest control costs per cropped acre 0.77 Perceived farm management costs Tillage costs per cropped acre 1.00 Planting costs per cropped acre 1.28 Total costs for entire field 1.16 Time spent working field 1.09 Harvest costs per cropped acre 1.12 Conceptual Model Component Empirical Variable Units Mean Std. Dev. Min. Max. Hypothesized Impact on Adoption — Contract enrollment (0/1) 0.38 0.49 0 1 N/A R Payment offer US$/acre/year 266.7 161.8 64 540 (+) α *A Prairie strip land Acres 5.11 3.87 0.5 30.3 (−) E Perceived yield gains — 0.00 0.26 −0.93 1.02 (+) E Perceived pest management costs — 0.00 0.48 −1.95 1.66 (−) E Perceived farm management costs — 0.00 0.42 −1.68 1.51 (−) E Perceived soil retention — 0.00 0.62 −2.37 1.16 (+) E Perceived weed and pest pressure — 0.00 0.57 −2.14 1.47 (−) E Perceived biodiversity benefit — 0.00 0.35 −1.51 0.76 (+) E Conservation program participant 0/1 0.37 0.48 0 1 (+) F Age Years 61.2 12.0 20 1 101 4 (−) F Education Categorical 2.82 0.86 (<high school) 1 (Bachelor’s or higher) 5 (+) NFI Nonfarm work Categorical 2.14 1.59 (no days) (200+ days) N/A F Previous prairie strip contact 0/1 0.43 0.49 0 1 (+) α*A/A’ Ratio: acreage in largest field to all corn−soybean acreage on farma Proportion 0.20 0.16 0.01 1 N/A Note: N = 487. All variables are explanatory variables unless otherwise noted. Signs of expected effects: (+) denotes positive, (−) denotes negative. N/A, not applicable (i.e., no expected effect).
↵a Land-share variable is used for acreage supply projections. N = 442 for this variable only.
Variable (Unit) Unweighted Logit Weighted Logit Payment offer (US$/acre/ year) 0.00611***
(0.000747)0.00735***
(0.00109)Prairie strip land
(acres)−0.122***
(0.0395)−0.146**
(0.0600)Perceived yield gains
(latent)2.307***
(0.516)1.534*
(0.800)Perceived pest management costs
(latent)0.540
(0.391)0.406
(0.645)Perceived farm management costs (latent) −1.120***
(0.434)−1.149
(0.762)Perceived soil retention
(latent)0.799***
(0.209)1.038***
(0.329)Perceived weed and pest pressure
(latent)−0.0967
(0.271)−0.0761
(0.363)Perceived biodiversity benefit
(latent)0.423
(0.373)0.738
(0.597)Age
(years)−0.00122
(0.0100)−0.00539
(0.0181)Education
(categorical)0.00472
(0.140)−0.157
(0.238)Nonfarm work
(categorical)−0.0150
(0.0760)0.0259
(0.127)Previous contact
(0/1)0.254
(0.234)0.569
(0.356)CRP or EQIP/CSP Participation
(0/1)0.511**
(0.242)0.613
(0.419)Constant −1.916**
(0.843)−1.618
(1.409)Pseudo R-squared 0.249 0.311
