<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arriagada, Rodrigo A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferraro, Paul J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sills, Erin O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pattanayak, Subhrendu K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cordero-Sancho, Silvia</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Do Payments for Environmental Services Affect Forest Cover? A Farm-Level Evaluation from Costa Rica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012-05-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">382-399</style></pages><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.3368/le.88.2.382</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Payments for environmental services (PES) are popular despite little empirical evidence of their effectiveness. We estimate the impact of PES on forest cover in a region known for exemplary implementation of one of the best-known and longest-lived PES programs. Our evaluation design combines sampling that incorporates prematching, data from remote sensing and household surveys, and empirical methods that include partial identification with weak assumptions, difference-in-differences matching estimators, and tests of sensitivity to unobservable heterogeneity. PES in our study site increased participating farm forest cover by about 11% to 17% of the mean area under PES contract over eight years. (JEL Q57, Q58)</style></abstract></record></records></xml>