RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Substitution Effects and Spatial Preference Heterogeneity in Single- and Multiple-Site Choice Experiments JF Land Economics JO Land Econ FD University of Wisconsin Press SP 302 OP 322 DO 10.3368/le.94.2.302 VO 94 IS 2 A1 Logar, Ivana A1 Brouwer, Roy YR 2018 UL http://le.uwpress.org/content/94/2/302.abstract AB A novel discrete choice experiment (DCE) design allows testing of substitution effects based on the framing of, and distances to, substitute sites. The same ecosystem services and biodiversity provided at different sites are valued independently in single-site DCEs and simultaneously in a multiple-site DCE, using an identical experimental design. Site-specific utility functions are estimated with and without controlling for spatial preference heterogeneity. Framing choices as alternative projects at single or multiple sites significantly influences substitutability between sites, choice behavior, and welfare estimates. Distance decay displays significant heterogeneity in different directions from the valued sites and between urban and rural areas. (JEL Q51)