RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Are Simultaneously Decided Referenda Substitutable? Evidence from Municipal Land Use Ballot Measures
JF Land Economics
JO Land Econ
FD University of Wisconsin Press
SP 021019-0021R
DO 10.3368/wple.97.3.021019-0021R
A1 Matthew Gammans
A1 James N. Sanchirico
A1 Kailin Kroetz
A1 Paul R. Armsworth
A1 Elaine W. Swiedler
YR 2021
UL http://le.uwpress.org/content/early/2021/09/20/wple.97.3.021019-0021R.abstract
AB The results of ballot referenda have often been used to infer the preferences of voters for various types of policy. However, voters may be influenced by the appearance of competing ballot referenda. We propose a simple theoretical framework for considering the substitutability or complementarity of various land use policies and apply this framework to a novel dataset of 603 land-related municipal ballot measures in California. We find that the appearance of a competing anti-growth measure decreases support for other anti-growth measures, while the appearance of pro-growth measures do not affect the likelihood of passage for anti-growth or pro-growth measures.