TY - JOUR T1 - Incentive Compatibility and the Consequences when it is Missing: Experiments with Water Quality Credits Purchase JF - Land Economics JO - Land Econ DO - 10.3368/le.97.4.050920-0064R1 SP - 050920-0064R1 AU - Pengfei Liu AU - Stephen K. Swallow Y1 - 2021/10/08 UR - http://le.uwpress.org/content/early/2021/09/28/le.97.4.050920-0064R1.abstract N2 - This paper implemented four treatments to elicit preferences for a non-market good, including (1) a hypothetical referendum, (2) a real referendum lacking incentive compatibility, (3) a real choice with incentive compatibility, and (4) a hybrid approach based on (2) and (3). We develop a method to estimate the probability that observed choices do not identify the highest-utility alternative in a choice question. We find that in the hypothetical referendum, the estimated percentage of individuals choosing the alternative that gives the highest utility is the lowest among the treatments. Adding policy consequentiality or payment consequentiality increases the percentage of truthful responses. ER -