Table 4

Median Annual Household Willingness to Pay and Aggregate Population Benefits for Pacific Northwest Sandy Beach and Coastal Dune Restoration

Restoration OutcomeHousehold Willingness to PayLower Bound Population Benefits
Restoration LevelRecreation AccessSize (Acres)(US$) Median (95% CI)(US$ Millions) Median (95% CI)
FullSame  3,000$48 (33, 65)$69 (47, 93)
  7,000$54 (36,774)$77 (52, 105)
10,000$58 (37,81)$83 (53, 116)
15,000$65 (38, 93)$93 (55, 134)
FullLimited  3,000$12 (0, 27)$17 (0, 39)
  7,000$15 (2, 33)$22 (3, 47)
10,000$19 (3,37)$27 (4, 53)
15,000$25 (4, 48)$35 (6, 70)
MooderateSame  3,000  $4 (−6, 17)  $6 (−7, 25)
  7,000  $8 (−1, 23)$12 (−1, 33)
10,000$12 (1, 29)$17 (1, 42)
15,000$18 (2, 42)$25 (3, 59)