Table 5

Fixed Effects Model: Impact of Public Assistance Grants on Household Flood Insurance Purchases

ln_policyln_coverageln_premiumln_take-up
ln_PA, t – 1  0.0006 (0.0004)  0.0008 (0.0005)  0.0004 (0.0005)  0.0007 (0.0004)
ln_IA, t – 1  0.0029*** (0.0004)  0.0029*** (0.0006)  0.0027*** (0.0005)  0.0030*** (0.0004)
Rain, t  0.0085*** (0.0020)  0.0096*** (0.0025)  0.0073*** (0.0022)  0.0085*** (0.0020)
Rain, t – 1  0.0119*** (0.0019)  0.0142*** (0.0025)  0.0132*** (0.0023)  0.0122*** (0.0019)
Rain, t – 2  0.0081*** (0.0021)  0.0093*** (0.0026)  0.0082*** (0.0024)  0.0077*** (0.0021)
Rain, t – 3  0.0058*** (0.0019)  0.0087*** (0.0025)  0.0068*** (0.0024)  0.0057*** (0.0019)
Income, t – 1  0.3964*** (0.0701)  0.6905*** (0.0947)  0.4153*** (0.0825)  0.3575*** (0.0699)
Loan, t – 1  0.0034 (0.0039)  0.0072* (0.0042)  0.0029 (0.0035)  0.0029 (0.0038)
Population, t – 1  0.9981*** (0.0878)  1.1727*** (0.1061)  0.9618*** (0.0969)  0.0594 (0.0861)
Constant–10.0499*** (1.2277)–3.4009** (1.5550)–3.5347** (1.4041)–10.2838*** (1.2231)
R20.260.400.290.20
N34,36634,36634,36634,366
  • Note: All specifications include both year and county fixed effects. In parentheses are standard errors clustered by congressional district.

  • * p < 0.1;

  • ** p < 0.05;

  • *** p < 0.01.