TABLE 3

Balancing Tests and Mean Value of the Dependent Variable in Each Treatment Group

	Control	T=1		T₁=1		T₂=1
	N = 128	N = 267		N = 126		N = 141
	Mean	Mean	p-Value^{^a}	Mean	p-Value^{^b}	Mean	p-Value^{^c}
Y	0.430	0.614^***	0.001	0.659^***	0.004	0.574	0.551
Pecuniary motivations
Increased gross margin	0.482	0.386^*	0.085	0.412	0.909	0.364	0.120
Higher value	0.171	0.216	0.338	0.252	0.103	0.182	0.509
Technical difficulties	0.508	0.469	0.476	0.468	0.704	0.471	0.745
Nonpecuniary selfish motivations
Acknowledgment	0.911	0.877	0.339	0.849^*	0.098	0.903	0.501
Better life quality	0.487	0.498	0.846	0.536	0.287	0.463	0.395
Nonpecuniary altruistic motivations
Contribute to environment	0.976	0.954	0.308	0.984	0.109	0.927^**	0.011
Additionality
Already conform	0.713	0.661	0.327	0.655	0.524	0.667	0.738
Medium changes	0.359	0.397	0.472	0.397	0.737	0.397	0.707
Major changes	0.156	0.154	0.945	0.159	0.871	0.149	0.822
Farm characteristics
UAA (ha)	157.623	151.169	0.545	160.308	0.344	143.105	0.130
AES fertilizers	0.531	0.494	0.493	0.500	0.863	0.489	0.615
AES phytosanitary	0.430	0.457	0.610	0.381^*	0.066	0.525^**	0.022
AES land cover	0.305	0.311	0.901	0.333	0.471	0.291	0.562
AES grassland	0.219	0.236	0.704	0.214	0.603	0.255	0.380
AES linear	0.086	0.202^***	0.004	0.278^***	<0.001	0.135	0.234
AES organic	0.078	0.022^***	0.009	0.024	0.249	0.021	0.149
AES other	0.133	0.116	0.634	0.143	0.374	0.092	0.184
Vine or arboriculture	0.032	0.046	0.501	0.049	0.610	0.044	0.870
Livestock farming	0.230	0.189	0.348	0.238	0.243	0.146^**	0.040
Field crops	0.444	0.398	0.382	0.320^**	0.011	0.467	0.109
Mixed farming	0.262	0.344	0.106	0.377^*	0.084	0.314	0.925
Other agricultural production	0.032	0.023	0.619	0.016	0.421	0.029	0.768

Note: AES, agri-environmental scheme; UAA, utilizable agricultural area.
↵^a The p-value of the test that the mean values for both groups T = 1 and control are equal.
↵^b The p-value of the test that the mean values for both groups T₁ = 1 and T₁ = 0 are equal.
↵^c The p-value of the test that the mean values for both groups T₂ = 1 and T₂ = 0 are equal.
↵* p<0.1;
↵** p< 0.05;
↵*** p< 0.01.