Table 2

The Effects of Shelterbelt-Planting on Land Use and Revenue (2SLS)

VariablesCropland / (Cropland+ Pasture)
(1)		log(Revenue from Crops / Farmland)
(2)		log(Revenue from Animal Products / Farmland)
(3)		log(Total Revenue / Farmland)
(4)		First Stage: Proportion Protected by shelterbelts
(5)
Prop. protected by shelterbelts*−0.0156−0.819***0.1350.569***
1945-1950(0.0330)(0.270)(0.176)(0.180)
1954-1959−0.131***
(0.0476)		−1.196***
(0.381)		0.689**
(0.301)		−0.487**
(0.206)
1964-1969−0.245***
(0.0625)		−1.038***
(0.365)		0.986**
(0.417)		0.0246
(0.252)
1978-1982−0.318***
(0.0779)		−0.736*
(0.384)		1.312**
(0.579)		0.472
(0.364)
1987-1992−0.287***
(0.0726)		−0.587
(0.398)		1.317**
(0.642)		0.533
(0.411)
Prop. in the shelterbelt zone*
Each post year		0.170***
(0.037)
Year and county dummiesYesYesYesYesYes
Outcome variables in 1910-1930aYesYesYesYesYes
Other control variablesbYesYesYesYesYes
Erosion from the Dust BowlbYesYesYesYesYes
Prop. above the Ogallala AquiferbYesYesYesYesYes
Observations2,4332,5682,5682,5742,574
Number of counties234234234234234
R-squared0.3200.9450.9450.9610.713

  • ↵a Data from 1910 and 1920 are missing in column 1 because the area of cropland and pasture is not reported.

  • ↵b “Other control variables“ include rainfall and temperature for each year and all the other variables listed in Table 1 from 1910–1930; “Erosion from the Dust Bowl” from Hornbeck (2012) include proportions of high- and medium-eroded as in Table 1; “Proportion above the Ogallala Aquifer” is from Hornbeck and Keskin (2014). All these variables are time invariant and all interacted with year-dummies. Standard errors clustered at county level in parentheses

  • ↵*** p < 0.01

  • ↵** p < 0.05

  • ↵* p < 0.1