TABLE 1

Descriptive Statistics at Household Level

	Total	Small	Medium	Large	East	North	South	West
Area Cultivated and Output
Yield per hectare ($)	550.619	860.385	492.301***	298.169***	521.455	568.117	543.218	573.325
Gross profit ($/ha)	481.321	766.014	431.390***	245.605***	455.745	476.319	499.886	488.057
Net shadow profit ($/ha)	379.297	604.028	344.521***	188.544***	374.842	375.905	382.191	383.173
Net profit ($/ha)	125.392	136.673	135.245	104.117	83.183	152.326	102.305	172.338
Total cultivated area	0.367	0.048	0.180***	0.878***	0.416	0.307	0.357	0.385

Input Use

Family labor (days/ha)	452.448	765.211	383.676***	207.532***	444.476	427.706	474.214	455.307
Hired labor (dummy)	0.391	0.215	0.384***	0.574***	0.420	0.429	0.322	0.414
Hired labor (days/ha)	52.681	65.221	46.498**	46.319	55.394	60.154	34.854	65.634
Used chem. Fertilizer?	0.148	0.095	0.142***	0.206***	0.043	0.234	0.119	0.210
if yes, amount (kg/ha)	16.951	24.557	15.007*	11.252	5.062	23.253	7.813	34.683
Used pesticides (%)	0.078	0.045	0.086***	0.102	0.032	0.128	0.067	0.092
If yes, amount (kg/ha)	1.932	2.741	2.260	0.788***	1.929	2.753	0.919	2.470
Used manure (Dummy)	0.731	0.639	0.754***	0.799**	0.525	0.826	0.773	0.796

Marginal Products^{^a}

Male family labor ($)	0.666	0.429	0.568***	0.947***
Female family labor ($)	0.539	0.360	0.477***	0.783***

Area Shares

Land with grain	0.497	0.522	0.497*	0.471*	0.564	0.600	0.449	0.397
Land with tubers	0.243	0.220	0.250**	0.258	0.163	0.221	0.269	0.310
Land with tree crops	0.251	0.245	0.242	0.266**	0.264	0.167	0.272	0.285
Share of vegetable land	0.010	0.012	0.011	0.006**	0.009	0.012	0.010	0.008

Household Characteristics

Age of head	46.557	44.286	46.672***	48.718***	45.420	45.234	48.965	45.860
Female head	0.274	0.329	0.291*	0.202***	0.254	0.264	0.328	0.236
Primary school completed	0.576	0.570	0.570	0.588	0.601	0.562	0.568	0.574
Secondary education	0.067	0.054	0.057	0.091***	0.076	0.060	0.064	0.069
Number of members ≤ 14	2.150	1.975	2.113**	2.362***	2.236	2.063	2.047	2.270
Number of members 15–35	1.588	1.414	1.585***	1.767***	1.537	1.686	1.563	1.584
Number of members 35–60	0.861	0.670	0.855***	1.059***	0.881	0.791	0.917	0.833
Number of members ≥ 60	0.245	0.212	0.231	0.293**	0.193	0.236	0.288	0.252

Number of observations	3,080	1,027	1,031	1,022	741	666	931	742

Source: Own computation from 2010/2011 land tenure regularization baseline survey.
Note: Asterisks indicated significance levels for t-tests of the equality of means for each of the variables between terciles (* significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%). Two outliers with inexplicably high levels of fertilizer use are dropped from the largest tercile.
↵a Marginal products of male and female family labor (shadow wages) are calculated using the formula given in the note at the bottom of Table 3.