TABLE A1

Logit Results from Estimating Propensity Scores for Matching

	Nonresident		Long-Inhabited		Recently Inhabited
Variable	Odds Ratio	Clustered Std. Err.	Odds Ratio	Clustered Std. Err.	Odds Ratio	Clustered Std. Err.
Distance to road	1.41	0.209^**	0.83	0.13	2.13	0.56^***
Distance to road²	1.00	0.005	0.99	0.005	0.97	0.008^***
Distance to major city	0.91	0.076	4.74	1.44^***	2.34	0.745^***
Distance to major city²	1.00	0.0006	0.99	0.002^***	1.00	0.004
Elevation	1.00	0.0045	1.03	0.009^***	1.02	0.008^***
Slope (degrees)	1.05	0.02^***	1.04	0.016^**	1.06	0.015^***
Distance to cleared parcel	2.08	0.28^***	1.62	0.314 ^**	0.40	0.13^***
Distance to cleared parcel²	0.97	0.97^***	0.97	0.009^***	0.93	0.07
Distance to nearest village	1.35	0.106^***	0.62	0.106^***	0.33	0.22^*
Distance to nearest village²	1.00	0.0016^**	1.00	0.003	1.04	0.04
Distance to archeo site	0.97	0.024	1.16	0.083^**	0.47	0.04^***
pH	2.32	0.40^***	0.63	0.102^***	0.95	0.61
Aspect	1.00	0.002	1.00	0.0002^***	1.00	0.0002
West (dummy)	424.5	642^***	0.25	0.25	—	—
Constant	2.2e–6	5.2e–6^***	2.6e–23	2.7e–22^***	8.2e–7	8.9e–6
Observations	293,248		294,208		232,984
Pseudo R²	0.5828		0.7794		0.8384
Log likelihood	−78,344.1		−41,589.9		−25,643

Note: Logit results from Stata Version 12. The nonresident observations include 19 clusters, long-inhabited 15 clusters, and the recently settled 7 clusters (since only western concessions and controls are included).
↵* Significant at 10%;
↵** significant at 5%;
↵*** significant at 1%.