Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) Results for Kernel and Bias-Corrected Matching Estimators
| Unmatched | Kernel | Bias-Corrected | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concession Group | Time Period | ATT | Std. Err. | ATT | Std. Err. | ATT | Std. Err. |
| Nonresident | Pre | −0.036 | 0.002 | −0.0028 | 0.004 | −0.013 | 0.0006 |
| Post | −0.070 | 0.003 | −0.025 | 0.009 | −0.015 | 0.004 | |
| Difference | −0.034*** | 0.004 | −0.022** | 0.010 | −0.0015 | 0.004 | |
| Long-inhabited | Pre | −0.036 | 0.002 | −0.041 | 0.009 | 0.0080 | 0.004 |
| Post | −0.068 | 0.003 | −0.144 | 0.011 | −0.077 | 0.009 | |
| Difference | −0.032*** | 0.004 | −0.103** | 0.014 | −0.085*** | 0.010 | |
| Recently settled | Pre | −0.019 | 0.002 | 0.013 | 0.02 | 0.038 | 0.002 |
| Post | 0.068 | 0.004 | −0.065 | 0.034 | −0.046 | 0.020 | |
| Difference | 0.087*** | 0.004 | −0.078** | 0.039 | −0.084*** | 0.020 | |
Note: Kernel matching performed in Stata Version 12 with “psmatch2” using clustered standard errors. Bias-corrected performed in Stata using the “nnmatch” command. The number of observations for each sample varies but is based on 50,000 total observations in the unmatched sample, then split up into 25,000 each for pre and post samples. The standard errors for kernel results do not take into account estimated propensity scores, but we choose not to bootstrap given the potential for errors (see Abadie et al. 2004; Abadie and Imbens 2006), since these are robustness checks. The bias-corrected ATT estimates do not include clustered standard errors.
* Significant at 10%;
↵** significant at 5%;
↵*** significant at 1%.