Table 5

Household and Village Characteristics, 1999

Variable	All		Shaanxi		Gansu		Sichuan
Variable	Mean	St. Dev.	Mean	St. Dev.	Mean	St. Dev.	Mean	St. Dev.
Household characteristics	n = 345		n = 114		n = 119		n = 112
% of sample participating in SLCP	76.5		90.4		71.4		67.9
% of participants with sloping land (slope > 15°)	90.2		97.1		76.5		96.1
% of nonparticipants with sloping land (slope > 15°)	81.5		81.8		73.5		88.9
Household head age	44.3	11.4	44.4	10.6	44.9	11.7	43.7	11.9
Household head years of education	4.67	3.4	5.53	3.3	4.57	3.7	3.89	3.1
Household population	4.81	1.6	4.75	1.7	5.11	1.6	4.56	1.4
Household per capita income (RMB)	1,330	1,212	991	1,053	1,435	1,236	1,566	1,271
Nonagricultural share of household per capita income	0.39	0.39	0.40	0.46	0.44	0.32	0.32	0.36
Household per capita arable land (ha)	0.19	0.141	0.23	0.128	0.16	0.115	0.18	0.170
Household labor	3.51	1.32	3.67	1.59	3.56	1.23	3.29	1.06
Nonagricultural share of household labor^{^a}	0.34	0.26	0.30	0.26	0.39	0.26	0.34	0.25
Number of plots	5.81	2.23	4.91	1.83	6.34	2.24	6.15	2.32
Share of agricultural land with slope > 15°	0.57	0.357	0.72	0.297	0.31	0.299	0.68	0.318
Village characteristics	n = 36		n = 12		n = 12		n = 12
Village population	790.5	586.2	510.2	221.8	1,177.2	797.1	684.2	384.0
Village average per capita income (RMB)	661	366	535	221	672	251	776	532
Village average per capita cropland (ha)	0.15	0.107	0.19	0.156	0.15	0.090	0.12	0.025
Share of village population working in nonfarm wage work ^b	0.16	0.112	0.11	0.101	0.23	0.073	0.15	0.126
Migrant labor as share of village population	0.13	0.099	0.06	0.054	0.20	0.080	0.11	0.103
Number of rural enterprises	0.78	1.569	0.25	0.622	0.33	1.155	1.75	2.137
Village leader years of education	7.28	2.7	7.75	2.8	6.67	3.2	7.42	2.3
Village secretary years of education	7.29	3.6	8.46	3.7	7.08	3.9	6.33	3.2
Village leader age	40.00	7.4	41.92	6.7	40.75	8.2	37.33	7.0
Village secretary age	45.08	8.3	43.50	6.7	47.58	7.8	44.17	10.1
Institutional factors
Year village began the SLCP	2000	0.96	1999	0.67	2000	1.24	2000	0.43
Share of village agricultural land with slope > 15°	0.58	0.318	0.81	0.170	0.24	0.203	0.69	0.229
% of village leaders that worked previously in a forestry department	30.6		8.3		8.3		75.0
% of village secretaries that worked previously in a forestry department	16.7		0.0		16.7		33.3
Number of villagers working in the county forestry department	0.19	0.62	0.33	0.89	0.25	0.62	0

Note: SLCP, Sloping Land Conversion Program.
↵a Calculated using the number of household laborers working part-time or full-time off-farm, and so not mutually exclusive with agricultural labor.
↵b Includes migrant labor and day workers working both outside and within the village.