Agricultural Productivity Impacts of Formal Land Rights (n = 473)
| Specification | Soil Quality | Informal Land Rights | Coefficient on Land Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| Block 1: Soil Quality and Informal Land Rights Both Excluded as Regressors | |||
| OLS | No | No | -0.035 |
| IV | No | No | -0.484 |
| FE | No | No | 0.028 |
| FE-IV | No | No | 0.420 |
| Block 2: Soil Quality Included, Informal Land Rights Excluded as Regressors | |||
| OLS | Yes | No | -0.009 |
| IV | Yes | No | -0.553 |
| FE | Yes | No | 0.001 |
| FE-IV | Yes | No | 0.282 |
| Block 3: Soil Quality Excluded, Informal Land Rights Included as Regressors | |||
| OLS | No | Yes | -0.044 |
| IV | No | Yes | -0.035 |
| FE | No | Yes | -0.104 |
| FE-IV | No | Yes | 0.666 |
| Block 4: Soil Quality and Informal Land Rights Both Included as Regressors | |||
| OLS | Yes | Yes | -0.018 |
| IV | Yes | Yes | -0.306 |
| FE | Yes | Yes | -0.138 |
| FE-IV | Yes | Yes | 0.434 |
Note: Each block represents a set of specification which include or exclude the soil quality measurements (i.e., the ln s variables in equations [1]-[4]) and which include or exclude the informal land rights measures (i.e., the r variables in equations [1]-[4]). Each line within a block respectively corresponds to the specifications in equations [1]-[4] (i.e., OLS, IV, FE, and FE-IV). The last column presents the estimated impact of a formal land title on agricultural productivity for each specification. In no case is that estimated impact statistically significant. A full set of results is available from the author.
*, **, *** Statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively.