TABLE 2

Household Characteristics by Rental Participation Status, 2007

VariableRent-outAutarkicRent-inRent-in, First Time in 2007
Farming ability (estimated from model results in Table 3)-0.040.000.01
Household size5.985.736.35***6.31**
Members younger than 141.751.721.95*1.89
Members between 14 and 604.424.614.93**4.85*
Members older than 600.61**0.760.50***0.63*
Adult equivalence5.124.895.50***5.46**
Household head’s age56.61***59.9555.28***58.41
Female head (%)0.230.260.13***0.18*
Household head with primary education0.640.570.68**0.60
Household head with secondary education0.260.240.34***0.33*
Loss of adult labor between 2004 and 20070.120.120.09*0.08
Loss of household head between 2004 and 20070.030.060.03*0.03
Total area of land owned (acres)5.26***4.103.17***3.52*
Area owned per capita (acres)1.07*0.920.56***0.62***
Value of assets per capita (KSh)43,39955,31948,52339,990
Income per capita (KSh)36,44540,48040,81841,372
Income per capita in previous period (KSh)44,68045,39549,99142,764
Change in income per capita from prior survey (KSh)-8,235-4,915-9,173-1,392
Share of households below national poverty line0.400.410.380.39
Change in share of households below poverty-0.066-0.046-0.044-0.080
Value of total production (KSh)22,12824,50128,699***26,272
Credit constrained (%)0.0270.0220.0150.028
Number of observations146842240102
  • Source: Authors’ computation based on the data.

  • Note: KSh, Kenyan shillings.

  • ↵* Significantly different from the mean of the autarkic group at 10%;

  • ↵** at 5%;

  • ↵*** at 1%.