TABLE B1

Full Model for Noise and View

Variable	OLS	SEM	SARAR
Intercept	− 4.8950^† (0.1764)	− 5.5474^† (0.2479)	− 5.1224^† (0.2186)
Brick	0.0686^† (0.0095)	0.0632^† (0.0103)	0.0605^† (0.0097)
Tile roof	0.0155 (0.0168)	− 0.0066 (0.0161)	− 0.0043 (0.0156)
Cement roof	− 0.0267 (0.0172)	− 0.0302^* (0.0167)	− 0.0299^* (0.0162)
Fiber roof	− 0.1039^† (0.0163)	− 0.0940^† (0.0153)	− 0.0938^† (0.0148)
Board roof	− 0.0391^* (0.0222)	− 0.0606^*** (0.0226)	− 0.0538^** (0.0216)
Flat roof	− 0.1394^† (0.0221)	− 0.1324^† (0.0208)	− 0.1279^† (0.0202)
Age	0.0010^† (0.0001)	0.0014^† (0.0001)	0.0012^† (0.0001)
Detached house	0.0538^† (0.0058)	0.0435^† (0.0061)	0.0419^† (0.0058)
Number of bathrooms	0.0178^** (0.0078)	0.0228^** (0.0091)	0.0069 (0.0082)
Low basement	0.0179^** (0.0088)	0.0230^** (0.0092)	0.0269^*** (0.0088)
Size (log)	0.5550^† (0.0104)	0.5395^† (0.0110)	0.5321^† (0.0106)
Basement size	0.0007^† (0.0001)	0.0007^† (0.0001)	0.0008^† (0.0001)
Renovation 1970s	− 0.0355^† (-0.0080)	− 0.0260^† (0.0070)	− 0.0243^† (0.0068)
Renovation 1980s	0.0067 (0.0097)	0.0078 (0.0088)	0.0070 (0.0086)
Renovation 1990s	0.0986^† (0.0109)	0.0996^† (0.0102)	0.1033^† (0.0100)
Renovation 2000s	− 0.0958^† (0.0102)	− 0.0932^† (0.0114)	− 0.0923^† (0.0112)
Urban zone	0.0057 (0.0081)	0.0280^* (0.0158)	0.0174 (0.0121)
Coast 0-100 m	0.2963^† (0.0312)	0.3530^† (0.0464)	0.2708^† (0.0397)
Coast 101-200 m	0.1762^† (0.0207)	0.2252^† (0.0344)	0.1549^† (0.0277)
Coast 201-300 m	0.1683^† (0.0172)	0.2245^† (0.0319)	0.1671^† (0.0248)
Coast 301-400 m	0.1546^† (0.0163)	0.1584^† (0.0297)	0.1248^† (0.0239)
Coast 401-500 m	0.1780^† (0.0159)	0.1474^† (0.0288)	0.1302^† (0.0232)
Coast 501-600 m	0.1089^† (0.0159)	0.1039^† (0.0293)	0.0909^† (0.0230)
Coast 601-700 m	0.0726^† (0.0182)	0.0572^** (0.0264)	0.0497^** (0.0225)
Highway 0-100 m	− 0.3914^† (0.1379)	− 0.3855^† (0.0972)	− 0.3900^† (0.1013)
Highway 101-200 m	− 0.2173^† (0.0881)	− 0.1611^* (0.0901)	− 0.1406^* (0.0746)
Highway 201-300 m	0.1726^** (0.1126)	0.1192^* (0.0690)	0.1252^** (0.0568)
Highway 301-400 m	− 0.0017 (0.0872)	− 0.0524 (0.0583)	− 0.0591 (0.0530)
Highway 401-500 m	0.1871^† (0.0446)	0.1513^* (0.0781)	0.1399^** (0.0591)
Highway 501-600 m	0.1543^† (0.0475)	0.1368^*** (0.0432)	0.1185^*** (0.0363)
Highway 601-700 m	0.0817^*** (0.0281)	0.0646 (0.0435)	0.0467 (0.0335)
Highway 701-800 m	0.1393^† (0.0301)	0.1260^† (0.0330)	0.1063^† (0.0259)
Highway 801-900 m	0.0957^† (0.0328)	0.1021^*** (0.0319)	0.0789^*** (0.0260)
Highway 901-1,000 m	0.1141^† (0.0371)	0.0575 (0.0367)	0.0516 (0.0314)
Forest 0-100 m	0.1008^† (0.0133)	0.0936^† (0.0248)	0.0582^*** (0.0191)
Forest 101-200 m	0.0844^† (0.0132)	0.0786^*** (0.0245)	0.0467^** (0.0189)
Forest 201-300 m	0.0841^† (0.0133)	0.0807^*** (0.0247)	0.0510^*** (0.0189)
Forest 301-400 m	0.0943^† (0.0137)	0.0979^† (0.0251)	0.0657^† (0.0193)
Forest 401-500 m	0.1062^† (0.0147)	0.0991^† (0.0261)	0.0688^† (0.0202)
Forest 501-600 m	0.1147^† (0.0167)	0.0924^† (0.0275)	0.0693^*** (0.0216)
Forest 601-700 m	0.0901^† (0.0190)	0.0713^** (0.0282)	0.0595^** (0.0234)
Lake 0-100 m	0.3623^† (0.0340)	0.3661^† (0.0582)	0.2630^† (0.0490)
Lake 101-200 m	0.2021^† (0.0219)	0.1988^† (0.0395)	0.1169^† (0.0317)
Lake 201-300 m	0.0698^† (0.0195)	0.0917^*** (0.0324)	0.0345 (0.0264)
Lake 301-400 m	0.0310^* (0.0191)	0.0519^** (0.0256)	0.0229 (0.0214)
Lake 401-500 m	− 0.0394^*** (0.0157)	− 0.0321 (0.0232)	− 0.0426^** (0.0182)
Lake 501-600 m	− 0.0071 (0.0169)	0.0088 (0.0223)	− 0.0075 (0.0178)
Lake 601-700 m	0.0080 (0.0167)	0.0235 (0.0211)	0.0092 (0.0173)
Large road 0-100 m	− 0.0007 (0.0071)	− 0.0110 (0.0125)	− 0.0038 (0.0094)
Large road 101-200 m	0.0331^† 0.0073)	0.0193 (0.0122)	0.0263^*** (0.0093)
Large road 201-300 m	0.0253^† (0.0077)	0.0011 (0.0123)	0.0086 (0.0097)
Large road 301-400 m	0.0214^*** (0.0085)	0.0050 (0.0114)	0.0094 (0.0094)
View	− 0.1168^† (0.0134)	− 0.0315^* (0.0172)	− 0.0398^*** (0.0154)
View × Distance	0.00699^† (0.0008)	0.00240^** (0.0011)	0.0028^*** (0.0010)
20-29 dB	0.0368^† (0.0059)	0.0307^*** (0.0102)	0.0256^*** (0.0080)
30-39 dB	0.0512^† (0.0118)	0.0550^*** (0.0190)	0.0442^*** (0.0151)
40-50 dB	0.0433^* (0.0243)	0.0669^** (0.0273)	0.0509^** (0.0243)
Spatial error term (ρ)		0.6004^† (0.0120)	0.4413^† (0.0254)
Spatial lag term (λ)			0.2678^† (0.0276)
Wald statistics (hp λ = ρ = 0)			1,538.4^†
R²	0.3794	0.3704	0.4492

Note: N = 12,640; OLS = 12,581 degrees of freedom. In parentheses: standard error, R² for the OLS adjusted, for SEM and GSM pseudoR². OLS, ordinary least squares; SARAR, spatial autoregressive model with a spatial autoregressive error term; SEM, spatial error model.
↵* Significant at 10%;
↵** significant at 5%;
↵*** significant at 1%;
↵† significant at 0.1%.