Table 5 Factors Affecting Plot-Level Soil Fertility Investments
| Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1=Intercropped Maize and Legume | 1=Applied Animal Manure | 1=Applied Green Compost | 1=Used Minimum Tillage | |
= 1 if plot rented in and cultivated by tenant  | 0.04 (0.048) | −0.05 (0.049) | −0.07** (0.034) | −0.02 (0.051) |
= 1 if plot owned and cultivated by tenant  | 0.08 (0.047) | 0.06 (0.054) | −0.02 (0.038) | 0.03 (0.051) |
| Education of household head in years of schooling | −0.00 (0.005) | −0.01 (0.006) | 0.00 (0.004) | −0.00 (0.006) |
| Area owned by household pre land-renting, in hectares | −0.02 (0.020) | 0.01 (0.021) | −0.02 (0.012) | 0.03 (0.024) |
| Number of members in household | 0.02** (0.009) | −0.02*** (0.009) | −0.01 (0.007) | 0.01 (0.010) |
| =1 if household head is female | 0.06 (0.063) | −0.10* (0.059) | −0.00 (0.034) | 0.01 (0.046) |
| Age of household head in years | 0.00 (0.001) | 0.00 (0.002) | 0.00* (0.001) | 0.00 (0.001) |
| Savings in USD*1,000 | 0.00* (0.000) | 0.0002* (0.000) | 0.00 (0.000) | 0.00 (0.000) |
| Value of assets in USD*1,000 | −0.00 (0.000) | −0.00 (0.000) | −0.008*** (0.000) | −0.01*** (0.000) |
| Number of plots cultivated by household | −0.05*** (0.013) | −0.01 (0.018) | 0.00 (0.009) | −0.01 (0.013) |
| Plot distance from house (walking minutes) | 0.00 (0.001) | −0.00 (0.001) | −0.00 (0.001) | −0.00 (0.001) |
| =1 if member of household is in a village savings and loan association | 0.07* (0.042) | 0.01 (0.057) | 0.03 (0.042) | 0.03 (0.036) |
| Distance to the nearest ag. extension officer from residence (walking minutes) | 0.0002* (0.000) | 0.00 (0.000) | 0.00 (0.000) | −0.00 (0.000) |
 | −0.04 (0.028) | −0.11*** (0.034) | −0.05** (0.022) | −0.05* (0.026) |
| Rental-pair fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| R-squared | 0.046 | 0.041 | 0.038 | 0.046 |
| Observations | 948 | 948 | 948 | 948 |
Note: The base category for comparing
estimates is a landlord’s owner-operated plot(s). Standard errors are in parentheses. Models include a constant and district-level FEs. Districts are not completely collinear with the rental-pair location because we found four cases of tenants and landlord pairs residing in different districts. The number of observations = 948, with 169 matched tenant-landlord pairs; and are compared with the landlord’s owner-cultivated plot.↵***, **, * Significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively.
