Table 4 Consideration-Set-Radius Models without and with Engagement-Intensity Weights and Either Sample-Selection Corrections or Interactions between All Regressors and Demeaned Ordered-Probit Selection Propensities
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ModelNaiveWeights OnlyBinary Probit IMROrdered Probit IMRDemeaned Propensity
Main Variable
Empl. Status: employed−0.0351
(0.0696)		−0.0613
(0.0973)		−0.0872
(0.0943)		−0.0934
(0.0936)		−0.299*
(0.154)
Income data available−0.429***
(0.127)		−0.362**
(0.180)		−0.342*
(0.176)		−0.354**
(0.175)		−0.223
(0.186)
ln(Income in 10K, if reported)0.218***
(0.0533)		0.171**
(0.0730)		0.156**
(0.0718)		0.158**
(0.0710)		0.0628
(0.0887)
Gender: female−0.127**
(0.0590)		−0.123
(0.0796)		−0.0374
(0.0787)		−0.0410
(0.0783)		0.000944
(0.106)
Age: <45 years0.185**
(0.0835)		0.225**
(0.112)		0.167
(0.106)		0.137
(0.108)		−0.317
(0.197)
Age: >64 years−0.0489
(0.0713)		−0.114
(0.0982)		−0.0287
(0.100)		−0.103
(0.0961)		−0.0110
(0.115)
Education: graduate school0.113*
(0.0598)		0.0132
(0.0751)		−0.0649
(0.0741)		−0.0642
(0.0748)		−0.259***
(0.0958)
No interest: perching birds−0.811***
(0.148)		−0.862***
(0.198)		−0.847***
(0.205)		−0.829***
(0.202)		−0.749***
(0.190)
No interest: other game birds−0.634***
(0.107)		−0.660***
(0.130)		−0.577***
(0.131)		−0.578***
(0.130)		−0.549***
(0.127)
Constant4.066***
(0.0972)		4.170***
(0.127)		4.494***
(0.135)		4.403***
(0.131)		4.102***
(0.140)
Selection-Correction Strategy
Binary-probit IMR−0.169***
(0.0305)
Ordered probit IMR−0.386***
(0.0689)
Interaction between Main Variables and Demeaned Engagement Propensity (Demeaned Using qBus Sample Mean)
Empl. Status: employed × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		0.185
(0.158)
Income data avail. × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		−0.120
(00756)
ln(Income in 10K, if reported) × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		0.134*
(0.0692)
Gender: female × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		0.224*
(0.117)
Age: <45 years × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		−0.00451
(0.0733)
Age: >64 years × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		−0.0223
(0.0607)
Education: graduate school × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		0.0176
(0.0551)
No interest: perching birds × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		−0.231
(0.175)
No interest: other game birds × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		0.160
(0.107)
Constant × engagement prop.
(demeaned)		0.282***
(0.0813)
ln(σε)−0.0803***
(0.0237)		−0.0583*
(0.0306)		−0.0788**
(0.0313)		−0.0808***
(0.0310)		−0.105***
(0.0310)
Observations1,0811,0811,0811,0811,081
Log likelihood−2,411.41−2,429.96−2,409.82−2,408.03−2,382.37
AIC4,844.834,881.924,843.644,840.054,806.74
BIC4,899.674,936.774,903.474,899.884,911.44
Weighted?NoYesYesYesYes

  • Note: Standard errors are in parentheses. Dependent variable: log of maximum one-way distance willingly traveled on a typical birdwatching day trip.

  • ↵* p< 0.05;

  • ↵** p< 0.01;

  • ↵*** p< 0.001.