| Parsons et al. (2018) 2002$ | |
| Gear-expenditure share of income Southwestern parks | | | 0.0044 | 0.0030 | 0.0030 | 0.0100 |
| Arches | 185 | 0.0136 | 3.109 | 4.481 | 2.359 | 1.355 |
| Bryce | 174 | 0.0135 | 3.075 | 4.433 | 2.334 | 1.340 |
| Canyonlands | 150 | 0.0131 | 3.001 | 4.326 | 2.277 | 1.308 |
| Grand Canyon | 227 | 0.0142 | 3.239 | 4.668 | 2.458 | 1.411 |
| Mesa Verde | 165 | 0.0133 | 3.047 | 4.392 | 2.313 | 1.328 |
| Petrified Forest | 141 | 0.0130 | 2.973 | 4.286 | 2.256 | 1.296 |
| Zion | 186 | 0.0136 | 3.112 | 4.486 | 2.362 | 1.356 |
| Household income | 74,050 | | | | | 79,000 |
| Haefele, Loomis, and Bilmas (2020) 2014$ | |
| Avoiding sale of in nature-based national parks | 1,113 | 0.0177 | 4.039 | 5.822 | 3.065 | 1.760 |
| Avoiding sale of in water-based national parks | 978 | 0.0155 | 3.549 | 5.116 | 2.693 | 1.546 |
| All national parks | 2,967 | 0.0471 | 10.768 | 15.520 | 8.171 | 4.692 |
| Household income | 63,000 | | | | | 79,000 |