Land Rights
| (1) | (2)a | (3)a,b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | OLS | IV | |
| Outsider | −0.473 [4.47]*** | −0.333 [2.88]*** | −0.317 [2.75]*** |
| Non-Ivoirian | −0.291 [3.49]*** | −0.143 [0.91] | −0.155 [0.96] |
| Years resident | 0.009 [2.99]*** | 0.006 [1.95]* | 0.006 [1.82]* |
| Total land | 10.345 [4.06]*** | 10.412 [4.12]*** | |
| Total land sq. | −40.554 [2.55]** | −40.64 [2.62]*** | |
| Prop. coffee | 0.107 [1.05] | −0.101 [0.38] | |
| Prop. cocoa | −0.09 [0.70] | 0.075 [0.23] | |
| Land acquisition | |||
| Bought | −0.023 [0.14] | −0.031 [0.20] | |
| Paid to use | 0.017 [0.17] | 0.016 [0.15] | |
| Received gift | −0.179 [1.71]* | − 0.173 [1.65]* | |
| Sharecropper | −0.238 [2.30]** | −0.227 [2.29]** | |
| Additional controls | No | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 1,345 | 1,344 | 1,344 |
| Village dummies | 73 | 73 | 73 |
| R-squared | 0.11 | 0.18 | |
| Cragg-Donald F | 89.76 |
Note: OLS and IV with village and year fixed effects. Dependent variable: sum of sale and transfer rights. Absolute value of t- or z- statistics in brackets.
↵a Additional controls: head’s age; age squared; years education; gender; literacy; head married; head’s religion; housing size; value of livestock; durables and equipment owned by the household; number of tools owned; remittances in and out; household’s other income; household’s savings; dummy if household owns its housing; number of rooms; household size; number of adults; head’s mother’s and father’s educations, whether they are living, andwhether they live in the household; proportion ofland in a co-op; proportion ofland in a development scheme.
↵b Instrumented: proportions of coffee and cocoa. Instruments: percentage land in coffee and cocoa nearing the end of its productive life.
↵* Significant at 10%;
↵** significant at 5%;
↵*** significant at 1%.