Landowners’ Payoffs ($) and Optimal Amount of Control (Treatments) under Decentralized Management (DM) and Central Planner (CP) Cases for Landowner A and Landowner B
| DM | CP | Social Cost of Externality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payoffs | Control | Payoff | Control | DM with Respect to CP | ||
| $/Acre | Treatments | $/2 Acres | Treatments | $/2 Acres | % | |
| Panel A. GA and GB Ecologically Isolated (No Long-Distance Dispersal) | ||||||
| GA (NMES) | 2,999 (42) | 498 (7) | n/a | 498 (7) | n/a | n/a |
| GB (MES) | 16,731 (3,384) | 497 (9) | n/a | 497 (9) | n/a | n/a |
| GA + GB | 19,731 (3,384) | 995 (11) | 19,731 (3,384) | 995 (11) | 0 | 0 |
| Panel B. Bioinvasion Starts on GA, Landowner A (NMES) Moves First | ||||||
| GA (NMES) | 831 (73) | 0 (0) | 2,187 (152) | 836 (32) | n/a | n/a |
| GB (MES) | 10,432 (2,453) | 1,543 (12) | 16,667 (3,367) | 700 (29) | n/a | n/a |
| GA + GB | 11,263 (2,453) | 1,543 (12) | 18,854 (3,370) | 1,536 (43) | −7,591*** | −40 |
| Panel C. Bioinvasion Starts on GB, Landowner B (MES) Moves First | ||||||
| GA (NMES) | 1,569 (123) | 0 (0) | 2,119 (72) | 812 (26) | n/a | n/a |
| GB (MES) | 10,490 (2,121) | 785 (0) | 15,127 (3,357) | 1,025 (33) | n/a | n/a |
| GA + GB | 12,060 (2,125) | 785 (0) | 17,246 (3,358) | 1,837 (42) | −5,187*** | −30 |
Note: Landowner A = nonmarket ecosystem service preferences (NMES); landowner B = market ecosystem service preferences (MES). Standard deviations are in parentheses.
↵*** p < 0.01.