Table 4

Summary Statistics of Key Variables

VariableMeanSD
Continent dummies
 North America0.2550.437
 Europe0.4070.492
 Africa0.0830.277
 Asia0.2080.407
Type of nature-based solution
 Urban0.50.501
 Coral reefs0.0560.23
 Mangroves0.0460.211
 Lakes, ponds, rivers0.2130.41
 Wetlands0.1530.361
 Beach nourishment0.0510.22
 Forests0.1670.374
Risk being addressed
 Flood0.6250.485
 Heat/heatwave/urban heat island0.4310.496
 Coastal erosion0.1440.351
 Wildfire0.0560.23
 Storm surge0.0690.255
Co-benefits
 Local climate regulation0.2080.407
 Air quality regulation0.2270.42
 Carbon storage0.1800.385
 Recreation0.3190.467
 Tourism0.1110.315
 Aesthetic appreciation0.3560.48
 Habitat for species0.3520.479
 Maintenance genetic diversity0.2310.423
Land use change
 Conservation and maintenance of existing nature0.2310.422
 Reforestation0.1850.389
 Agricultural0.0230.150
 Urban (buildings)0.1830.277
 Urban (street)0.1330.346
 Restoration0.0550.389